Developmental Biology, Biol

Developmental Biology, Biol. 218

Fall, 2009

Professor Devoto

1. Cleavage and Polarity September 9

Experimental Techniques Handbook (1) due September 30

2. Gastrulation and Polarity October 7

Test #1 October 19

3. Axis Determination October 21

4. Neuroectoderm November 4

Experimental Techniques Handbook (1, 2) due November 9

5. Mesoderm November 13

Experimental Techniques Handbook (complete) due November 27

6. Stem Cells November 29

7. Evolution December 6

Perspective essay due December 7

Final Exam To be determined by Registrar

1. Cleavages and polarity
9 September	Introduction and historical overview
Readings	Chapter.1 and Ch. 4, pp 77-85
14 September	Life cycles and diversity
Readings	Chapter 2
*Assignment*	A chance to remember Introductory Biology
16 September	Principles of Experimental Embryology: Specification, Differentiation, Commitment, Cell adhesion, cell-cell communication
Readings	Chapter 3, pp 56-63, pp 69-76; Chapter 4, pp 143-150
21 September	Differential Gene Expression
Readings	Chapter 5
*Assignment*	Short compare/contrast of Specification, Differentiation, and Commitment.
23 September	Fertilization and cleavage, reading a scientific article
Readings	Chapter 7, and short cleavage sections in Chapters 8, 9, 10, and 11
28 September	Mid Blastula Transition, reading a scientific article
Readings	Short cleavage sections in Chapters 8, 9, 10, and 11 Donald A. Kane and Charles B. Kimmel (1993). The zebrafish midblastula transition. Development 119, 447-456
*Assignment*	Turn in two questions related to the posted article
30 September	Polarized Cell Divisions: c. elegans
Readings	Short cleavage sections in Chapters 8, 9, 10, and 11 Chapter 8, pp 243-251 Lyczak, Gomes and Bowerman (2002). Heads or Tails: Cell Polarity and Axis Formation in the Early Caenorhabditis elegans Embryo. Developmental Cell, 3: 157-166.
DUE	*TURN IN YOUR EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES HANDBOOK (PART 1)*
5 October	Polarized Cells: c. elegans
Readings	Cuenca, Schetter, Aceto, Kemphues, and Seydoux (2003). Polarization of the C. elegans zygote proceeds via distinct establishment and maintenance phases. Development 130, 1255-1285
*Assignment*	Turn in two questions related to the posted article
2. Gastrulation and polarity
7 October	Gastrulation: the component movements, sea urchin, frog
Readings	Chapter 8, sea urchin gastrulation; Chapter 9, frog gastrulation
12 October	Gastrulation: convergent extension and wnt signaling
Readings	Excellent review article--Wallingford JB (Wesleyan, '92!), Fraser SE, Harland RM (2002). Convergent Extension: The Molecular Control of Polarized Cell Movement during Embryonic Development. Developmental Cell 2: 695-706
*Assignment*	Practice exam questions due
	PRACTICE TEST KEY
14 October	Gastrulation: convergent extension and cell polarity
Readings	Review article -- Mlodzik (2006). A GAP in Convergent Extension Scores PAR (2006). Developmental Cell 11: 2-4. Research article -- Hyodo-Miura, et al (2006). XGAP, an ArfGAP, is Required for Polarized Localization of PAR Proteins and Cell Polarity in Xenopus Gastrulation. Developmental Cell 11: 69-79
19 October	Exam I KEY
3. Axis Determination
21 October	Cortical Rotation, Organizer, Axis Induction
Readings	Chapter 10, pp 306 - 323; Chapter 11, pp 325 - 336
	*FALL BREAK!!!*
28 October	*Early Amniote development*
Readings	Chapter 11, Early Development Birds Chapter 3,

2 November	Neurulation, Spinal Cord Patterning.
Readings	Chapter 12, Neural Cells, Neural Tube; Chapter 6, Hedgehog family

4. Neuroectoderm
4 November	Morphogens Devoto Morphogen Hitchings
ANDREW HITCHINGS	REVIEW: Vincent S, Perrimon N (2001) Fishing for morphogens. Nature 411: 535-6 RESEARCH: Chen and Shier (2001). The zebrafish Nodal signal Squint functions as a morphogen. Nature 411: 607-10.
*Assignment*	Turn in two questions related to the posted article.
9 November	Brain and Neuronal Differentiation Devoto SHH Morphogen
DREW BRODERICK & JAMIL ALEXIS	REVIEW: Dessaud E, McMahon AP, Briscoe J. Development. 2008 Aug;135(15):2489-503. Pattern formation in the vertebrate neural tube: a sonic hedgehog morphogen-regulated transcriptional network. RESEARCH: Dessaud E, Yang LL, Hill K, Cox B, Ulloa F, Ribeiro A, Mynett A, Novitch BG, Briscoe J. Interpretation of the sonic hedgehog morphogen gradient by a temporal adaptation mechanism. Nature. 2007 Nov 29;450(7170):717-20. Chapter 12, Central nervous system, eye.
DUE	*EXPERIMENTAL HANDBOOK (PARTS 1 AND 2)*
11 November	Neural Crest and Placodes
Readings	Chapter 13, Neural Crest

5. Mesoderm
16 November	Paraxial mesoderm: Segmentation and myogenesis
	Chapter 14, Formation of somites and myogenesis
CLAIRE MAGUIRE & MEHERAZADE SUMARIWALLA	REVIEW: Cooke, J. (1998). A gene that resuscitates a theory--somitogenesis and a molecular oscillator. Trends in Genetics 14: 85-88 RESEARCH: Palmeirim I, Henrique D, Ish-Horowicz D, Pourquie O. (1997). Avian hairy gene expression identifies a molecular clock linked to vertebrate segmentation and somitogenesis. Cell 91:639-48.
Assignment	Meet with Professor to discuss your Perspective this week.
18 November	Paraxial mesoderm in zebrafish
BRITTANY BALDWIN-HUNTER & SARA ROOD-OJALVO	Review: Stellabotte F, and Devoto SH (2007). The teleost dermomyotome. Dev Dyn 236:2432-2443. Research: Stellabotte F, Dobbs-McAuliffe B, Fernández DA, Feng X, and Devoto SH (2007). Dynamic somite cell rearrangements lead to distinct waves of myotome growth. Development 134: 1253-1257.
23 November	Lateral plate mesoderm
Readings	Chapter 15, Lateral Plate
	Thanksgiving Break
30 November	Limb Development
Readings	Chapter 16, Limb development
DUE	*TURN IN EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES HANDBOOK (COMPLETE).*
*Assignment*	Turn in outline of your perspective essay.
6. Gene Therapy and Stem Cells
2 December	Stem Cell Production
CARLA BECERRA & GABRIELLE PETROKA	TEXTBOOK: Chapter 21, Developmental Biology and Medicine REVIEW: Epigenetic reprogramming and induced pluripotency.Hochedlinger K, Plath K. Development. 2009 136(4):509-23 RESEARCH: Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors.Takahashi K, Yamanaka S. Cell. 2006 ;126(4):663-76.
7 December	Stem cell therapy and ethics
STEPHANIE ARACENA & ROYNAN KREBS ALEX IWAMOTO & MARK HELLERMAN	RESEARCH: Dezawa M, Ishikawa H, Itokazu Y, Yoshihara T, Hoshino M, Takeda S, Ide C, Nabeshima Y.Bone marrow stromal cells generate muscle cells and repair muscle degeneration. Science. 2005 Jul 8;309(5732):314-7. RESEARCH: Rideout WM 3rd, Hochedlinger K, Kyba M, Daley GQ, Jaenisch R. Correction of a genetic defect by nuclear transplantation and combined cell and gene therapy. Cell. 2002 Apr 5;109(1):17-27.
*Assignment*	Turn in two questions related to the posted article(s) to be presented. Answer survey questions
DUE	PERSPECTIVE ESSAY
7. Evolution
9 December	Developmental Mechanisms of Evolutionary Change
Readings	Chapter 23
14 December	Genetic Basis for Evolutionary Change
JACOB HERMAN & CHARLES LANG	REVIEW: Shubin NH, Dahn RD. (2004). Evolutionary biology: lost and found. Nature. 428:703-4. RESEARCH: Shapiro MD, Marks ME, Peichel CL, Blackman BK, Nereng KS, Jonsson B, Schluter D, Kingsley DM. (2004). Genetic and developmental basis of evolutionary pelvic reduction in threespine sticklebacks. Nature. 428:717-23.
*Assignment*	Turn in two questions related to the posted article(s) to be presented.
EXAM WEEK	Exam 2
	*There will be lots of practice questions*

GRADING

	Points
Class Participation	20
Small weekly assignments (2 pts each)	20
Paper presentation	40
Techniques handbook part 1 (10 pts)	10
Techniques handbook parts 1 and 2	10
Techniques handbook Complete	20
Midterm exam	40
Perspective essay	40
Final Exam	50
Total	250